裝備電磁兼容試驗(yàn)與工程實(shí)踐

目 錄
第一篇 電磁兼容基礎(chǔ)
第1 章 電磁兼容技術(shù)發(fā)展歷程及必要性 ....................................................... 2
1.1 電磁兼容起源及其發(fā)展 ............................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 19 世紀(jì)電磁學(xué)和電磁干擾研究的啟蒙 ............................................................................... 2
1.1.2 20 世紀(jì)前期：電磁干擾研究的起始 ................................................................................... 2
1.1.3 20 世紀(jì)中期：電磁干擾研究軍民結(jié)合以軍為主 ............................................................... 4
1.1.4 20 世紀(jì)晚期：電磁干擾研究軍民齊頭并進(jìn) ....................................................................... 5
1.1.5 我國(guó)的電磁兼容技術(shù)發(fā)展 .................................................................................................... 7
1.1.6 裝備電磁兼容技術(shù)未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ........................................................................................ 9
1.2 實(shí)施電磁兼容的必要性 ............................................................................................. 13
1.2.1 電磁干擾及其危害案例 ...................................................................................................... 13
1.2.2 電磁環(huán)境及其干擾對(duì)裝備及人員的影響 .......................................................................... 17
第2 章 電磁兼容名詞術(shù)語和常用單位 ........................................................ 25
2.1 電磁兼容的定義及研究領(lǐng)域 ..................................................................................... 25
2.1.1 電磁兼容的定義 .................................................................................................................. 25
2.1.2 電磁兼容的研究領(lǐng)域 .......................................................................................................... 26
2.2 電磁兼容名詞術(shù)語 ..................................................................................................... 31
2.2.1 基本名詞術(shù)語...................................................................................................................... 31
2.2.2 噪聲與干擾 ......................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.3 天線與電波傳播 .................................................................................................................. 37
2.2.4 發(fā)射與響應(yīng) ......................................................................................................................... 39
2.2.5 干擾抑制和電磁兼容 .......................................................................................................... 42
2.2.6 電磁環(huán)境 ............................................................................................................................. 44
2.3 電磁兼容測(cè)量中常用單位 ......................................................................................... 46
2.3.1 功率 ..................................................................................................................................... 47
2.3.2 電壓 ..................................................................................................................................... 47
2.3.3 電流 ..................................................................................................................................... 48
2.3.4 磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度與電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度 .......................................................................................................... 48
2.3.5 功率密度與電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度 .......................................................................................................... 48
裝備電磁兼容試驗(yàn)與工程實(shí)踐
·VI·
第3 章 電磁理論與電磁兼容原理 ............................................................... 49
3.1 電磁兼容概述 ............................................................................................................. 49
3.2 電磁干擾形成的三要素 ............................................................................................. 49
3.2.1 電磁干擾源 ......................................................................................................................... 50
3.2.2 電磁干擾的傳播途徑 .......................................................................................................... 50
3.2.3 電磁干擾敏感設(shè)備 .............................................................................................................. 51
3.2.4 端口 ..................................................................................................................................... 51
3.3 電磁干擾源及其特性 ................................................................................................. 52
3.3.1 概述 ..................................................................................................................................... 52
3.3.2 電磁干擾源分類 .................................................................................................................. 52
3.3.3 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)和系統(tǒng)間的電磁干擾 .............................................................................................. 53
3.3.4 自然干擾源 ......................................................................................................................... 55
3.3.5 人為干擾源 ......................................................................................................................... 58
3.3.6 電磁干擾的頻譜 .................................................................................................................. 64
3.3.7 電磁干擾的幅度 .................................................................................................................. 65
3.3.8 電磁干擾的波形 .................................................................................................................. 65
3.3.9 電磁干擾的出現(xiàn)率 .............................................................................................................. 65
3.4 電磁干擾傳播途徑及其特性 ..................................................................................... 66
3.4.1 電磁干擾傳播途徑分類 ...................................................................................................... 66
3.4.2 公共阻抗耦合...................................................................................................................... 67
3.4.3 電源耦合 ............................................................................................................................. 68
3.4.4 輻射耦合 ............................................................................................................................. 69
3.5 裝備電磁敏感性及其評(píng)價(jià) ......................................................................................... 71
3.5.1 裝備對(duì)電磁干擾的敏感性 .................................................................................................. 71
3.5.2 電磁干擾敏感機(jī)理 .............................................................................................................. 75
第4 章 裝備電磁兼容管理與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)展沿革 ................................................. 78
4.1 裝備電磁兼容管理 ..................................................................................................... 78
4.1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)裝備電磁兼容管理要求 .............................................................................................. 78
4.1.2 國(guó)外裝備電磁兼容管理要求 .............................................................................................. 80
4.1.3 電磁環(huán)境效應(yīng)管理 .............................................................................................................. 82
4.2 裝備電磁兼容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)展沿革 ................................................................................