曹操評傳

第一章　顯赫的家世　動蕩的時代 .............................................................. 1
一、巨宦高官之后 ......................................................................................... 1
二、風雨飄搖的東漢王朝 ............................................................................. 4
第二章　奇特少年　眾評紛紜 ..................................................................... 10
一、好飛鷹走狗，游俠無度 ....................................................................... 10
二、“安天下者，必此人也” ....................................................................... 13
三、“治世之能臣，亂世之奸雄” ............................................................... 15
第三章　初入仕途　嶄露頭角 ..................................................................... 17
一、辦事干練的洛陽北部尉 ....................................................................... 17
二、極言直諫的議郎 ................................................................................... 19
三、嶄露頭角的青年將領(lǐng) ........................................................................... 23
四、政風清新的濟南相 ............................................................................... 25
五、嘗試“巖穴隱居” ................................................................................. 27
六、出任典軍校尉 ....................................................................................... 29
第四章　“舉義兵以誅暴亂” .......................................................................... 31
一、“何必紛紛召外將乎” ........................................................................... 31
目 錄2
二、逃離洛陽 ............................................................................................... 35
三、首舉義兵 ............................................................................................... 37
四、“軍合力不齊，躊躇而雁行” ............................................................... 39
五、“諸君北面，我自西向” ....................................................................... 43
第五章　據(jù)兗州以立基業(yè) .............................................................................. 47
一、立足兗州 ............................................................................................... 47
二、組建“青州兵” ..................................................................................... 50
三、荀 來歸 ............................................................................................... 51
四、逐袁術(shù)　征陶謙 ................................................................................... 54
五、兗州事變 ............................................................................................... 58
六、回戰(zhàn)呂布 ............................................................................................... 62
第六章　奉天子以令不臣 .............................................................................. 68
一、獻帝蒙塵 ............................................................................................... 68
二、通好朝廷 ............................................................................................... 70
三、迎獻帝都許 ........................................................................................... 76
第七章　“修耕植以蓄軍資” .......................................................................... 81
一、屯田背景 ............................................................................................... 81
二、屯田的興辦及屯田組織 ....................................................................... 83
三、屯田的作用 ........................................................................................... 87
第八章　“推誠仗信以招俊杰” ..................................................................... 90
一、殺一人而失天下心，不可 ................................................................... 90
二、選賢任能 ............................................................................................... 94
三、“本欲辱衡，衡反辱孤” ....................................................................... 99
曹操評傳3
第九章　南征張繡 .......................................................................................... 102
一、 水蒙難.............................................................................................. 102
二、安眾破敵 ............................................................................................. 105
三、接納張繡 ............................................................................................. 108
第十章　蕩平徐淮 ...........................................................................................112
一、困死袁術(shù) ..............................................................................................112
二、擒殺呂布 ..............................................................................................118
三、敗走劉備 ............................................................................................. 126
第十一章　決勝官渡 ..................................................................................... 133
一、袁紹的興起 ......................................................................................... 133
二、戰(zhàn)前態(tài)勢 ............................................................................................. 135
三、聲西擊東襲白馬 ................................................................................. 141
四、懸餌誘敵戰(zhàn)延津 ................................................................................. 144
五、持重待機拒官渡 ................................................................................. 146
六、釜底抽薪燒烏巢 ................................................................................. 150
七、大獲全勝獻捷報 ................................................................................. 153
八、才智高下定成敗 ................................................................................. 155
第十二章　進取四州 ..................................................................................... 160
一、進占黎陽 ............................................................................................. 160
二、隔岸觀火 ............................................................................................. 163
三、攻拔鄴城 ............................................................................................. 166
四、剿滅袁譚 ............................................................................................. 172
五、席卷幽并 ............................................................................................. 175
六、清定海岱 ............................................................................................. 179
目 錄4
第十三章　遠征烏桓 ..................................................................................... 183
一、一項頗富爭議的風險決策 ................................................................. 183
二、一場出敵不意的閃擊戰(zhàn) ..................................................................... 186
三、一路悲歌，一路慷慨 ......................................................................... 189
第十四章　兵敗赤壁 ..................................................................................... 196
一、荊州：山雨欲來風滿樓 ..................................................................... 196
二、“旌麾南指，劉琮束手” ..................................................................... 200
三、孫劉聯(lián)手 ............................................................................................. 203
四、火燒烏林 ............................................................................................. 208
五、曹操兵敗赤壁原因簡析 ..................................................................... 209
六、戰(zhàn)后形勢的演變和發(fā)展 ..................................................................... 214
第十五章　囊括關(guān)隴 ..................................................................................... 217
一、“引蛇出洞” ......................................................................................... 217
二、“暗度陳倉” ......................................................................................... 219
三、離間馬、韓 ......................................................................................... 221
四、乘勢收隴右 ......................................................................................... 224
第十六章　交兵漢中 ..................................................................................... 229
一、“妖妄之國” ......................................................................................... 229
二、僥幸取漢中，無意占蜀地 ................................................................. 230
三、劉備進兵，夏侯殞命 ......................................................................... 237
四、“曹公雖來，無能為也” ..................................................................... 241
第十七章　鏖兵襄樊 ..................................................................................... 245
一、襄樊告急 ............................................................................................. 245
二、遣使聯(lián)吳 ............................................................................................. 248
曹操評傳5
三、關(guān)羽走麥城 ......................................................................................... 250
第十八章　曹操之死與曹魏代漢............................................................... 257
一、巨星隕落 ............................................................................................. 257
二、高陵今何在 ......................................................................................... 261
三、曹丕登基 ............................................................................................. 265
四、忠奸莫辨 ............................................................................................. 274
第十九章　曹操的政治理想及治世要舉 ................................................. 293
一、“憂世不治”的情懷 ........................................................................... 293
二、治世要舉 ............................................................................................. 297
（一）抑強扶弱，恢復經(jīng)濟 ............................................................... 297
（二）推行教化，整齊風俗 ............................................................... 304
（三）崇尚法治，嚴明賞罰 ............................................................... 313
（四）控制和利用方士 ....................................................................... 317
（五）厲行節(jié)約 ................................................................................... 320
第二十章　曹操的人才觀和用人藝術(shù) ..................................................... 324
一、“為國失賢則亡” ................................................................................. 324
二、“明揚仄陋，唯才是舉” ..................................................................... 326
三、“勛勞宜賞，不吝千金” ..................................................................... 331
四、“士有偏短，庸可廢乎” ..................................................................... 337
五、“各言其失，吾將覽焉” ..................................................................... 340
六、“官方授材，各因其器” ..................................................................... 343
第二十一章　曹操的軍事思想及戰(zhàn)爭指導藝術(shù) ................................... 348
一、軍隊建設思想 ..................................................................................... 349
（一）必須建立一支與國力相適應的軍隊 ....................................... 349
（二）必須重視軍隊的制度建設，堅持依法治軍 ........................... 350
（三）必須提高將帥的素質(zhì) ............................................................... 351
目 錄6
（四）必須提高軍隊的作戰(zhàn)能力 ....................................................... 352
二、戰(zhàn)略思想 ............................................................................................. 353
（一）明確戰(zhàn)略對手，制定科學戰(zhàn)略方針 ....................................... 353
（二）建立穩(wěn)固的根據(jù)地 ................................................................... 354
（三）慎于用兵，師出有名 ............................................................... 355
（四）重視伐謀、伐交 ....................................................................... 356
（五）愛惜民力，因糧于敵，速戰(zhàn)速決 ........................................... 357
三、戰(zhàn)術(shù)思想 ............................................................................................. 358
（一）收集情報，縝密料敵 ............................................................... 358
（二）示形用詐，譎敵制勝 ............................................................... 359
（三）因事設奇，量敵而動 ............................................................... 360
（四）任勢取勝，趨利避害 ............................................................... 361
第二十二章　曹操的才藝及文學成就 ..................................................... 365
一、一個多才多藝的人 ............................................................................. 365
二、慷慨悲涼的詩歌 ................................................................................. 368
（一）以豐富的題材表達多樣化主題 ............................................... 368
（二）慷慨悲涼的詩風 ....................................................................... 372
（三）難能可貴的創(chuàng)新 ....................................................................... 375
三、清峻通脫的散文 ................................................................................. 376
（一）短小精悍 ................................................................................... 377
（二）率意直白 ................................................................................... 379
（三）感情濃郁，氣勢磅礴 ............................................................... 380
（四）手法靈活 ................................................................................... 382
四、曹操在文學史上的地位與影響 ......................................................... 384
第二十三章　曹操的人格魅力 ................................................................... 386
一、“非常之人，超世之杰” ..................................................................... 386
（一）“立德”不虧 ............................................................................. 387
（二）“立功”甚大 ............................................................................. 389
曹操評傳7
（三）“立言”也昌 ..............................................................................389
二、善是底色，惡為斑點 ..........................................................................390
（一）曹操性格和為人善的一面 ........................................................390
（二）曹操性格和為人“惡”的一面 ................................................399
三、歷代有識之士對曹操的評價 ..............................................................410
附錄一　曹操年表 ...........................................................................................419
附錄二　主要參考書目 ..................................................................................427
后　記 ..................................................................................................................429
修訂版后記