數(shù)據(jù)庫原理及應(yīng)用（MySQL）

基 礎(chǔ) 篇第1 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概論 ..................................................................................................... 11.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概述 ................................................................................................. 11.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ............................................................................................. 41.2.1 人工管理階段 ........................................................................................... 41.2.2 文件管理階段 ........................................................................................... 51.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)階段 ................................................................................ 81.3 數(shù)據(jù)模型 ........................................................................................................... 111.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)模型 ....................................................................................... 111.3.2 概念層數(shù)據(jù)模型 ...................................................................................... 131.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫建模 ............................................................................................. 161.3.4 組織層數(shù)據(jù)模型 ...................................................................................... 241.4 數(shù)據(jù)庫的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................... 291.4.1 模式的基本概念 ...................................................................................... 291.4.2 三級模式結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................................... 291.4.3 模式映像與數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性 .......................................................................... 311.5 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的組成 ........................................................................................... 321.6 數(shù)據(jù)庫與計(jì)算思維 ........................................................................................... 351.6.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫課程中的計(jì)算思維核心概念 ....................................................... 351.6.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫教學(xué)中的計(jì)算思維訓(xùn)練 .............................................................. 36小結(jié) .......................................................................................................................... 37習(xí)題 .......................................................................................................................... 38第2 章 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫 ........................................................................................................... 392.1 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫 ............................................................................ 392.1.1 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................................... 392.1.2 關(guān)系操作 ................................................................................................. 402.1.3 關(guān)系完整性約束 ...................................................................................... 422.2 關(guān)系模型的基本術(shù)語與形式化定義 ................................................................. 422.2.1 基本術(shù)語 ................................................................................................. 42數(shù)據(jù)庫原理及應(yīng)用（MySQL）II2.2.2 形式化定義 ............................................................................................. 442.3 關(guān)系代數(shù) .......................................................................................................... 472.3.1 傳統(tǒng)的集合運(yùn)算 ...................................................................................... 482.3.2 專門的關(guān)系運(yùn)算 ...................................................................................... 49小結(jié) .......................................................................................................................... 59習(xí)題 .......................................................................................................................... 59第3 章 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言SQL .................................................................................. 623.1 SQL 概述 ......................................................................................................... 623.1.1 SQL 的發(fā)展歷史 ..................................................................................... 623.1.2 SQL 的特點(diǎn) ............................................................................................. 633.1.3 SQL 的功能 ............................................................................................. 633.2 MySQL 支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型 .................................................................................. 643.2.1 數(shù)值型 ..................................................................................................... 643.2.2 日期時間型數(shù)據(jù)類型 .............................................................................. 653.2.3 字符串型數(shù)據(jù)類型 .................................................................................. 653.2.4 二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)類型 ...................................................................................... 653.2.5 其他類型 ................................................................................................. 663.3 數(shù)據(jù)定義功能 ................................................................................................... 663.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫的定義 ......................................................................................... 663.3.2 表的定義 ................................................................................................. 663.4 數(shù)據(jù)查詢功能 ................................................................................................... 693.4.1 學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)庫基本結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................. 693.4.2 單表查詢 ................................................................................................. 713.4.3 多表連接查詢 ......................................................................................... 863.4.4 CASE 表達(dá)式 ........................................................................................... 933.4.5 子查詢 ..................................................................................................... 973.4.6 查詢的集合運(yùn)算 ..................................................................................... 1023.5 視圖 ................................................................................................................ 1023.5.1 視圖概述 ................................................................................................ 1033.5.2 視圖的定義及使用 ................................................................................. 1043.5.3 視圖的修改與刪除 ................................................................................. 1053.5.4 物化視圖 ................................................................................................ 1063.6 數(shù)據(jù)更改功能 .................................................................................................. 1073.6.1 數(shù)據(jù)插入 ................................................................................................ 1073.6.2 數(shù)據(jù)更新 ................................................................................................ 1093.6.3 數(shù)據(jù)刪除 ................................................................................................ 111小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 112目 錄III習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 112理論和技術(shù)篇第4 章 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫理論 ................................................................................................. 1164.1 關(guān)系模式設(shè)計(jì)的問題....................................................................................... 1164.2 函數(shù)依賴 ......................................................................................................... 1184.2.1 基本概念 ................................................................................................ 1184.2.2 一些術(shù)語和符號 ..................................................................................... 1194.2.3 函數(shù)依賴的推理規(guī)則 ............................................................................. 1204.2.4 閉包及候選碼求解方法 ......................................................................... 1214.2.5 極小函數(shù)依賴集 ..................................................................................... 1254.3 范式 ................................................................................................................ 1274.3.1 范式 ................................................................................................ 1274.3.2 第二范式 ................................................................................................ 1284.3.3 第三范式 ................................................................................................ 1304.3.4 Boyce-Codd 范式 ................................................................................... 1304.3.5 規(guī)范化小結(jié) ............................................................................................ 1334.4 關(guān)系模式的分解準(zhǔn)則....................................................................................... 1344.5 查詢處理與優(yōu)化 .............................................................................................. 1394.5.1 查詢處理與優(yōu)化概述 ............................................................................. 1394.5.2 SQL 的查詢處理 .................................................................................... 1394.5.3 查詢優(yōu)化方法 ........................................................................................ 142小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 148習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 150第5 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................... 1515.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)概述 .............................................................................................. 1515.2 需求分析 ......................................................................................................... 1535.3 概念模型設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 1555.4 邏輯模型設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 1615.5 物理結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 1665.6 數(shù)據(jù)庫的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ...................................................................................... 168小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 169習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 169第6 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫安全性 ..................................................................................................... 1716.1 安全性問題 ..................................................................................................... 171數(shù)據(jù)庫原理及應(yīng)用（MySQL）IV6.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫安全控制 .............................................................................................. 1726.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)及信息安全技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展 ...................................................... 1726.2.2 安全性級別 ............................................................................................ 1726.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫安全控制方法 ............................................................................. 1736.3 MySQL 的安全機(jī)制 ........................................................................................ 1766.3.1 MySQL 用戶管理 ................................................................................... 1766.3.2 角色與權(quán)限管理 ..................................................................................... 1786.4 Oracle 的安全機(jī)制 .......................................................................................... 1806.4.1 用戶標(biāo)識和鑒定 ..................................................................................... 1806.4.2 授權(quán)與檢查機(jī)制 ..................................................................................... 1806.4.3 審計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 1826.5 安全數(shù)據(jù)庫的研究方向 ................................................................................... 183小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 184習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 184第7 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫完整性 ..................................................................................................... 1857.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫完整性概述 .......................................................................................... 1857.2 完整性約束條件 .............................................................................................. 1867.3 完整性控制與實(shí)現(xiàn) .......................................................................................... 187小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 191習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 191第8 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)技術(shù) ................................................................................................. 1928.1 事務(wù)概述 ......................................................................................................... 1928.1.1 事務(wù)的概念 ............................................................................................ 1928.1.2 事務(wù)的特性 ............................................................................................ 1938.1.3 事務(wù)的狀態(tài) ............................................................................................ 1948.1.4 事務(wù)調(diào)度 ................................................................................................ 1948.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)概述 .............................................................................................. 1948.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)的基本原理 ......................................................................... 1948.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)的約束條件 ......................................................................... 1948.3 故障的種類 ..................................................................................................... 1958.4 恢復(fù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù) .............................................................................................. 1968.5 恢復(fù)策略 ......................................................................................................... 1988.5.1 事務(wù)故障恢復(fù) ........................................................................................ 1988.5.2 系統(tǒng)故障恢復(fù) ........................................................................................ 1998.5.3 介質(zhì)故障恢復(fù) ........................................................................................ 2008.6 具有檢查點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)技術(shù) ................................................................................... 200目 錄V8.7 數(shù)據(jù)庫鏡像 ..................................................................................................... 201小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 204習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 204第9 章 并發(fā)控制 ............................................................................................................. 2059.1 并發(fā)控制概述 .................................................................................................. 2059.1.1 并發(fā)控制的概念 ..................................................................................... 2059.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)不一致問題 ..................................................................................... 2069.2 封鎖 ................................................................................................................ 2079.2.1 封鎖類型 ................................................................................................ 2079.2.2 封鎖協(xié)議 ................................................................................................ 2079.3 活鎖和死鎖 ..................................................................................................... 2099.4 并發(fā)調(diào)度的可串行性....................................................................................... 2109.5 兩段鎖協(xié)議 ..................................................................................................... 2129.6 封鎖的粒度 ..................................................................................................... 213小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 214習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 214第10 章 數(shù)據(jù)管理技術(shù)前沿 ........................................................................................... 21510.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的興起 ................................................................................................ 21510.1.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的概念 ...................................................................................... 21610.1.2 從數(shù)據(jù)庫到大數(shù)據(jù) ............................................................................... 21610.1.3 大數(shù)據(jù)處理模式 ................................................................................... 21710.2 大數(shù)據(jù)處理平臺和框架 ................................................................................. 21710.2.1 Apache Hadoop ..................................................................................... 21810.2.2 Apache Storm ....................................................................................... 21910.2.3 Apache Spark ........................................................................................ 21910.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫面臨的挑戰(zhàn) ........................................................................................ 22010.3.1 MySpace 數(shù)據(jù)庫構(gòu)架變化 ................................................................... 22010.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫可擴(kuò)展性問題的解決方法 ....................................................... 22210.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫的發(fā)展 ...................................................................................... 22310.4 NoSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫 ............................................................................................... 22310.4.1 鍵值數(shù)據(jù)庫 .......................................................................................... 22310.4.2 文檔數(shù)據(jù)庫 .......................................................................................... 22410.4.3 列數(shù)據(jù)庫 .............................................................................................. 22510.4.4 圖數(shù)據(jù)庫 .............................................................................................. 22610.5 NewSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫 ............................................................................................ 22710.5.1 VoltDB .................................................................................................. 227數(shù)據(jù)庫原理及應(yīng)用（MySQL）VI10.5.2 NuoDB .................................................................................................. 228小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 228習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 228實(shí) 踐 篇第11 章 案例 ................................................................................................................... 229案例1 用戶數(shù)據(jù)的初始化 ..................................................................................... 229案例2 用戶登錄 ................................................................................................... 233案例3 日志的操作 ................................................................................................ 236案例4 冗余字段的使用 ........................................................................................ 236案例5 日點(diǎn)擊量的統(tǒng)計(jì) ........................................................................................ 238案例6 改進(jìn)后的點(diǎn)擊量日志表存儲過程 .............................................................. 239案例7 商品主表中總點(diǎn)擊量字段prod_click_all 的更新 ....................................... 240案例8 事務(wù)的操作 ................................................................................................ 242案例9 異常的處理 ................................................................................................ 245案例10 用戶充值功能的實(shí)現(xiàn) ............................................................................... 248案例11 解決用戶充值的數(shù)據(jù)沖突方法一 ............................................................. 250案例12 解決用戶充值的數(shù)據(jù)沖突方法二 ............................................................. 253小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 256習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................... 256第12 章 實(shí)驗(yàn) ................................................................................................................... 257實(shí)驗(yàn)1 數(shù)據(jù)庫的創(chuàng)建和管理 ................................................................................. 257實(shí)驗(yàn)2 表、索引與視圖的基礎(chǔ)操作 ...................................................................... 258實(shí)驗(yàn)3 SQL——select 查詢操作 ............................................................................ 261實(shí)驗(yàn)4 SQL 數(shù)據(jù)更新操作 .................................................................................... 264實(shí)驗(yàn)5 數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲和優(yōu)化 ..................................................................................... 265實(shí)驗(yàn)6 數(shù)據(jù)庫安全性 ............................................................................................ 268實(shí)驗(yàn)7 數(shù)據(jù)庫完整性 ............................................................................................ 270實(shí)驗(yàn)8 數(shù)據(jù)庫并發(fā)控制 ........................................................................................ 272實(shí)驗(yàn)9 數(shù)據(jù)庫備份與恢復(fù) ..................................................................................... 273實(shí)驗(yàn)10 數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) .................................................................... 276參考文獻(xiàn) .............................................................................................................................. 277