網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)與路由技術(shù)

目錄
第1 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)概述···················1
1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)的概念·······················1
1.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)形式與層次············1
1.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)的目的與功能·········2
1.1.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)的優(yōu)點··················2
1.1.4 基于IP 協(xié)議的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)交換過程···························2
1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)··························3
1.2.1 OSI 七層體系結(jié)構(gòu)···············4
1.2.2 TCP/IP 四層體系結(jié)構(gòu)···········5
1.3 練習題···································7
第2 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)設(shè)備···················8
2.1 傳輸介質(zhì)及其連接器·················8
2.1.1 同軸電纜···························8
2.1.2 雙絞線······························9
2.1.3 光纖······························· 10
2.1.4 網(wǎng)卡······························· 11
2.2 中繼器與集線器····················· 13
2.2.1 中繼器···························· 13
2.2.2 集線器···························· 14
2.3 網(wǎng)橋與以太網(wǎng)交換機··············· 14
2.3.1 網(wǎng)橋······························· 15
2.3.2 以太網(wǎng)交換機概述············· 17
2.3.3 交換機的組成··················· 19
2.3.4 交換機的體系結(jié)構(gòu)············· 22
2.3.5 交換機的性能指標············· 24
2.3.6 交換機的分類··················· 27
2.4 路由器································· 29
2.4.1 路由器概述······················ 29
2.4.2 路由器的組成··················· 31
2.4.3 路由器的體系結(jié)構(gòu)············· 36
2.4.4 路由器的性能指標············· 37
2.4.5 路由器的分類··················· 38
2.5 網(wǎng)關(guān)及防火墻························ 40
2.5.1 網(wǎng)關(guān)······························· 40
2.5.2 防火墻···························· 41
2.6 練習題································· 45
第3 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備管理基本操作···· 46
3.1 基于H3C 設(shè)備的Comware軟件平臺····························· 46
3.2 H3C 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備管理相關(guān)術(shù)語······ 47
3.2.1 用戶界面························· 47
3.2.2 視圖······························· 48
3.2.3 命令行接口······················ 49
3.2.4 命令級別和用戶級別·········· 51
3.2.5 保存當前配置··················· 52
3.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備登錄與認證··············· 52
3.3.1 通過Console 接口登錄設(shè)備······························· 53
3.3.2 Console 口登錄的用戶接口認證方式··················· 56
3.3.3 通過Telnet 登錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備···· 57
3.3.4 通過瀏覽器或網(wǎng)管軟件登錄······························· 58
3.3.5 通過Console 口用Modem撥號進行遠程登錄············· 60
3.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備文件管理·················· 62
3.4.1 文件名參數(shù)輸入規(guī)則·········· 62
3.4.2 文件類型························· 62
3.4.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備啟動引導調(diào)用文件過程························· 63
3.4.4 文件與目錄操作················ 64
3.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備系統(tǒng)程序升級············ 65
3.5.1 基于XModem 協(xié)議的BootROM菜單操作升級過程············· 65
3.5.2 基于FTP 協(xié)議的命令行操作升級過程··················· 66
3.6 練習題································· 67
第4 章 以太網(wǎng)交換技術(shù)·············· 69
4.1 以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)··························· 69
4.1.1 以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)標準················ 69
4.1.1 以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)標準················ 69
4.1.2 以太網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的數(shù)據(jù)封裝······························· 72
4.2 以太網(wǎng)交換機數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)機制······ 73
4.2.1 交換機端口傳輸模式·········· 73
4.2.2 交換機數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)方式·········· 74
4.2.3 交換機數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)與
轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表的維護··················· 74
4.3 交換機的應(yīng)用技術(shù)·················· 76
4.3.1 級聯(lián)與堆疊······················ 76
4.3.2 端口與地址綁定················ 78
4.3.3 端口鏡像························· 79
4.4 交換機的端口及地址表管理配置··································· 79
4.4.1 H3C 交換機命名規(guī)則········· 79
4.4.2 H3C 交換機接口編號規(guī)則··· 80
4.4.3 以太網(wǎng)端口的全雙式/
半雙工設(shè)置······················ 81
4.4.4 以太網(wǎng)端口的速率設(shè)置······· 81
4.4.5 以太網(wǎng)端口的網(wǎng)線類型設(shè)置····························· 82
4.4.6 以太網(wǎng)端口廣播風暴制比設(shè)置······························· 82
4.4.7 開啟以太網(wǎng)流量控制特性···· 83
4.4.8 關(guān)閉以太網(wǎng)端口················ 83
4.4.9 MAC 地址表管理配置········ 83
4.5 交換機鏈路聚合技術(shù)··············· 84
4.5.1 鏈路聚合概述··················· 84
4.5.2 鏈路聚合分類··················· 84
4.5.3 靜態(tài)聚合示例··················· 85
4.6 生成樹································· 87
4.6.1 STP 協(xié)議························· 87
4.6.2 STP 的改進······················ 96
4.6.3 STP 配置························· 98
4.7 虛擬局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)····················· 99
4.7.1 VLAN 概述······················ 99
4.7.2 IEEE 802.1Q 標準············ 102
4.7.3 基于端口的VLAN 實現(xiàn)···· 104
4.7.4 基于協(xié)議的VLAN 實現(xiàn)···· 109
4.8 練習題································111
第5 章 IP 路由技術(shù)·················· 114
5.1 路由及路由表······················ 114
5.1.1 路由基礎(chǔ)······················· 114
5.1.2 路由的生成與維護方法····· 116
5.2 路由算法與協(xié)議··················· 117
5.2.1 路由算法······················· 117
5.2.2 路由協(xié)議······················· 120
5.2.3 路由匹配······················· 122
5.3 RIP 協(xié)議····························· 125
5.3.1 RIP 協(xié)議簡介················· 125
5.3.2 RIP 協(xié)議對路由表維護····· 127
5.3.3 RIP 協(xié)議的路由環(huán)路問題····························· 128
5.3.4 RIP 協(xié)議配置················· 132
5.4 OSPF 協(xié)議·························· 134
5.4.1 OSPF 協(xié)議簡介··············· 134
5.4.2 OSPF 協(xié)議報文··············· 135
5.4.3 OSPF 協(xié)議工作過程········· 142
5.4.4 DR/BDR························ 146
5.4.5 自治系統(tǒng)與OSPF 區(qū)域····· 148
5.4.6 OSPF 基本配置··············· 150
5.5 VLAN 間通信······················ 153
5.5.1 多端口路由器實現(xiàn)VLAN間通信·························· 153
5.5.2 單臂路由實現(xiàn)VLAN 間通信····························· 154
5.6 練習題······························· 155
第6 章 廣域網(wǎng)及其配置············ 161
6.1 HDLC ································ 161
6.1.1 HDLC 簡介···················· 161
6.1.2 HDLC 的幀類型和幀格式·· 161
6.1.3 HDLC 配置···················· 162
6.2 PPP ····································162
6.2.1 PPP 簡介························162
6.2.2 PPP 協(xié)議規(guī)范··················163
6.2.3 PPP 鏈路建立過程············164
6.2.4 PPP 口令驗證方式············165
6.2.5 PPP 配置························166
6.3 幀中繼································168
6.3.1 幀中繼協(xié)議簡介···············168
6.3.2 幀中繼配置·····················173
6.3.3 幀中繼配置實例···············174
6.4 練習題································176
第7 章 防火墻與訪問控制列表ACL ························179
7.1 防火墻································179
7.1.1 防火墻簡介·····················179
7.1.2 ASPF 簡介······················180
7.2 訪問控制列表ACL ················183
7.2.1 ACL 介紹·······················183
7.2.2 ACL 匹配順序·················184
7.2.3 相關(guān)概念························184
7.2.4 ACL 配置·······················185
7.3 練習題································187
第8 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換················190
8.1 NAT 技術(shù)的基本原理·············190
8.1.1 NAT 概述·······················190
8.1.2 NAT 的工作原理··············191
8.1.3 NAT 技術(shù)的類型··············192
8.1.4 NAT 實現(xiàn)流程·················192
8.2 NAT 實現(xiàn)的功能···················194
8.2.1 地址轉(zhuǎn)換及其控制············194
8.2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址端口轉(zhuǎn)換（NAPT）······················· 194
8.2.3 內(nèi)部服務(wù)器···················· 195
8.2.4 Easy IP·························· 195
8.3 NAT 配置···························· 197
8.3.1 NAT 配置命令················ 197
8.3.2 NAT 典型配置舉例·········· 198
8.4 練習題······························· 200
第9 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性··················· 202
9.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性概述··················· 202
9.2 備份中心···························· 203
9.2.1 備份中心簡介················· 203
9.2.2 備份中心配置················· 204
9.3 設(shè)備備份技術(shù)······················ 207
9.3.1 設(shè)備自身的備份技術(shù)········ 207
9.3.2 設(shè)備間的備份技術(shù)VRRP···· 207
9.3.3 VRRP 備份組簡介··········· 208
9.3.4 VRRP 定時器················· 209
9.3.5 VRRP 工作過程·············· 210
9.3.6 配置VRRP ···················· 210
9.4 練習題······························· 214
第10 章 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議BGP·········· 216
10.1 BGP 簡介·························· 216
10.1.1 BGP 的消息類型············ 217
10.1.2 BGP 的路由屬性············ 219
10.2 BGP 配置·························· 223
10.2.1 配置命令····················· 223
10.2.2 BGP 典型配置舉例········· 225
10.3 練習題······························ 228
參考文獻···································· 230