Contents 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU 2 Introduction 4 Information Systems 4 People 6 Software 7 System Software 7 Application Software 8 Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program 9 Hardware 10 Types of Computers 10 Personal Computer Hardware 11 Data 13 Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 14 Careers in IT 15 A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology 16 Visual Summary 17 Key Terms 20 Multiple Choice 21 Matching 22 Open-Ended 22 Discussion 23 Photo Credits 25 2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 26 Introduction 28 The Internet and the Web 28 Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment 30 Internet Access 32 Providers 32 Browsers 32 Web Utilities 34 Plug-ins 34 Filters 34 File Transfer Utilities 35 Internet Security Suites 36 Communication 37 E-mail 37 Messaging 38 Social Networking 39 Blogs, Microblogs, Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis 41 Search Tools 43 Search Engines 43 Specialized Search Engines 43 Content Evaluation 43 Electronic Commerce 44 Security 45 Cloud Computing 46 The Internet of Things 47 Careers in IT 48 A Look to the Future: Your Car’s Dashboard as a Powerful, Internet-Connected Computing Device 49 Visual Summary 50 Key Terms 54 Multiple Choice 55 Matching 56 Open-Ended 56 Discussion 57 Photo Credits 59 3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 60 Introduction 62 Application Software 62 User Interface 62 Common Features 64 General-Purpose Applications 64 Word Processors 64 Spreadsheets 67 Presentation Graphics 69 Database Management Systems 70 Specialized Applications 70 Graphics 70 Video Game Design Software 73 Web Authoring Programs 73 Other Specialized Applications 74 Mobile Apps 74 Apps 74 App Stores 75 Software Suites 76 Office Suites 76 Cloud Computing 76 Specialized and Utility Suites 76 Careers in IT 77 Making IT work for you: Google Docs 78 A Look to the Future: Next-Generation User Interfaces 79 Visual Summary 80 Key Terms 83 Multiple Choice 84 Matching 85 Open-Ended 85 Discussion 86 Photo Credits 87 4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 88 Introduction 90 System Software 90 Operating Systems 91 Functions 91 Features 92 Categories 93 Mobile Operating Systems 94 Desktop Operating Systems 95 Windows 95 Mac OS 95 UNIX and Linux 96 Virtualization 96 Utilities 97 Making IT work for you: Mac OS X Activity Monitor 98 Windows Utilities 100 Utility Suites 103 Careers in IT 104 A Look to the Future: Self-Healing Computers Could Mean an End to Computer Crashes and Performance Problems 105 Visual Summary 106 Key Terms 109 Multiple Choice 110 Matching 111 Open-Ended 111 Discussion 112 Photo Credits 113 5 THE SYSTEM UNIT 114 Introduction 116 System Unit 116 Desktops 116 Laptops 116 Tablets 117 Smartphones 118 Wearable Computers 118 Components 118 System Board 119 Microprocessor 120 Microprocessor Chips 121 Specialty Processors 121 Memory 122 RAM 122 ROM 122 Flash Memory 122 Expansion Slots and Cards 123 Bus Lines 124 Expansion Buses 124 Ports 125 Standard Ports 126 Specialized Ports 126 Cables 126 Making IT work for you: Tv Tuners 127 Power Supply 128 Electronic Data and Instructions 129 Numeric Representation 129 Character Encoding 129 Careers in IT 130 A Look to the Future: Chips inside Your Brain 131 Visual Summary 132 Key Terms 135 Multiple Choice 136 Matching 137 Open-Ended 137 Discussion 138 Photo Credits 139 6 INPUT AND OUTPUT 140 Introduction 142 What Is Input? 142 Keyboard Entry 142 Keyboards 143 Pointing Devices 144 Mouse 144 Touch Screen 144 Game Controllers 144 Stylus 145 Scanning Devices 145 Optical Scanners 146 Card Readers 146 Bar Code Readers 146 RFID Readers 147 Character and Mark Recognition Devices 147 Image Capturing Devices 147 Digital Cameras 148 Webcams 148 Audio-Input Devices 148 Voice Recognition Systems 148 What Is Output? 149 Monitors 149 Features 149 Flat-Panel Monitors 150 Curved Monitors 150 E-book Readers 150 Other Monitors 151 Making IT work for you: E-Books 152 Print
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