移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下的核心網(wǎng)剖析及演進(jìn)

第一篇 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)技術(shù)發(fā)展綜述 第1 章 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)概述........................................................................................ 2 1.1 移動(dòng)通信的發(fā)展歷程..................................................................................... 3 1.2 3G 核心網(wǎng)的概況............................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 WCDMA 核心網(wǎng)技術(shù)............................................................................. 6 1.2.2 CDMA2000 核心網(wǎng)技術(shù)......................................................................15 1.3 LTE 核心網(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)介............................................................................................21 1.4 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)的技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)......................................................................26 本章小結(jié)...................................................................................................................28 參考文獻(xiàn)...................................................................................................................28 第二篇 業(yè)務(wù)篇 第2 章 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)......................................................................................30 2.1 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)概述...................................................................................31 2.1.1 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)定義...................................................................................31 2.1.2 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)特征...................................................................................31 2.1.3 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)...........................................................................33 2.2 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)典型業(yè)務(wù)................................................................................... 35 2.2.1 典型業(yè)務(wù)及特征................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 應(yīng)用變化趨勢(shì)....................................................................................... 44 2.3 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)的影響.................................................... 46 本章小結(jié)................................................................................................................... 48 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................... 49 第3 章 M2M業(yè)務(wù)................................................................................................. 50 3.1 M2M 業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景分類..................................................................................... 51 3.1.1 監(jiān)控報(bào)警類........................................................................................... 51 3.1.2 信息推送類........................................................................................... 52 3.1.3 視頻監(jiān)控類........................................................................................... 55 3.1.4 遠(yuǎn)程控制執(zhí)行器類............................................................................... 57 3.2 M2M 業(yè)務(wù)的特征......................................................................................... 58 3.2.1 M2M 的通用業(yè)務(wù)特征......................................................................... 59 3.2.2 M2M 的特定業(yè)務(wù)特征......................................................................... 60 3.3 M2M 業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)的影響............................................................... 63 本章小結(jié)................................................................................................................... 67 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................... 67 第三篇 技術(shù)篇 第4 章 W&TD-SCDMA 核心網(wǎng)架構(gòu)及協(xié)議................................................ 70 4.1 概述.................................................................................................................. 71 4.2 W&TD-SCDMA 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)介紹...................................... 72 4.3 網(wǎng)元主要功能和接口介紹.......................................................................... 73 4.3.1 W&TD-SCDMA 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)邏輯網(wǎng)元及網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口........................... 73 4.3.2 電路域主要邏輯網(wǎng)元功能要求和接口介紹....................................... 76 4.3.3 分組域主要邏輯網(wǎng)元功能要求和接口介紹....................................... 78 4.3.4 歸屬位置寄存器（HLR）................................................................... 80 4.4 用戶接入呼叫流程........................................................................................80 4.4.1 電路域用戶接入呼叫流程....................................................................80 4.4.2 分組域用戶接入呼叫流程....................................................................85 4.5 現(xiàn)網(wǎng)部署實(shí)例.................................................................................................91 4.5.1 GSM 與WCDMA 共存的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋵?shí)例............................................91 4.5.2 WCDMA 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)...........................................................92 4.5.3 TD-SCDMA 本地網(wǎng)MSC Server/VLR 組網(wǎng)示意圖...........................93 本章小結(jié)...................................................................................................................94 參考文獻(xiàn)...................................................................................................................94 第5 章 CDMA2000 核心網(wǎng)架構(gòu)及協(xié)議........................................................95 5.1 概述..................................................................................................................96 5.2 CDMA2000 核心網(wǎng)架構(gòu)..............................................................................97 5.2.1 CDMA2000 核心網(wǎng)架構(gòu)......................................................................97 5.2.2 CDMA2000 網(wǎng)絡(luò)中常見的一些基本概念...........................................99 5.3 網(wǎng)元功能要求和接口要求.........................................................................101 5.3.1 電路域主要邏輯網(wǎng)元功能要求和接口介紹......................................101 5.3.2 分組域主要邏輯網(wǎng)元功能要求和接口介紹......................................104 5.4 用戶接入呼叫流程......................................................................................109 5.4.1 電路域用戶接入呼叫流程..................................................................109 5.4.2 分組域用戶接入呼叫流程..................................................................114 5.5 現(xiàn)網(wǎng)部署實(shí)例...............................................................................................121 5.5.1 CDMA2000 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)一.............................................................121 5.5.2 CDMA2000 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)二.............................................................122 5.5.3 分層次的CDMA2000 網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)................................................124 本章小結(jié).................................................................................................................126 參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................................................................126 第6 章 LTE/EPC 核心網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)及協(xié)議.................................................127 6.1 LTE/EPC 核心網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)........................................................................128 6.2 EPC 網(wǎng)元的功能要求................................................................................. 131 6.2.1 MME 功能.......................................................................................... 132 6.2.2 S-GW 功能......................................................................................... 135 6.2.3 P-GW 功能......................................................................................... 136 6.2.4 HSS 功能............................................................................................ 138 6.2.5 PCRF 功能.......................................................................................... 140 6.2.6 HSGW 功能........................................................................................ 141 6.2.7 其他網(wǎng)元功能..................................................................................... 142 6.3 EPC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入的信令流程........................................................................ 142 6.3.1 用戶初次附著及去附著流程............................................................. 143 6.3.2 跟蹤區(qū)更新流程................................................................................. 149 6.3.3 切換流程............................................................................................. 151 6.3.4 業(yè)務(wù)請(qǐng)求流程..................................................................................... 156 6.3.5 會(huì)話管理流程..................................................................................... 158 6.4 EPC 和CDMA 的互操作.......................................................................... 160 6.4.1 EPC 和CDMA 的語音互操作方案................................................... 160 6.4.2 EPC 和CDMA 的數(shù)據(jù)互操作方案................................................... 164 6.5 EPC 和WLAN 的互操作方案................................................................. 187 6.5.1 S2a 方案.............................................................................................. 188 6.5.2 S2b 方案............................................................................................. 192 6.5.3 S2c 方案.............................................................................................. 197 6.6 3GPP/3GPP2 EPC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新進(jìn)展............................................................ 206 本章小結(jié)................................................................................................................. 209 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................. 210 第7 章 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)對(duì)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的支持.......................................... 211 7.1 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的快速發(fā)展對(duì)移動(dòng)網(wǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)..................................... 212 7.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)流量巨大的增幅使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)面臨巨大的流量壓力...................... 212 7.1.2 OTT 業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)構(gòu)成沖擊........................................................ 213 7.1.3 電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)日益“管道化”................................................................. 213 7.1.4 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)沖擊下網(wǎng)絡(luò)凸顯的問題..................................................214 7.1.5 應(yīng)對(duì)思路.............................................................................................215 7.2 提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能化水平.............................................................................217 7.2.1 智能管道的架構(gòu).................................................................................217 7.2.2 智能管道的應(yīng)用關(guān)鍵技術(shù)..................................................................219 7.2.3 智能管道的典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景..................................................................222 7.3 加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)融合...............................................................................................224 7.3.1 接入網(wǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)和選擇機(jī)制.....................................................................225 7.3.2 通過發(fā)展WLAN 實(shí)現(xiàn)流量分流和流量?jī)?yōu)化....................................227 7.4 提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性..........................................................................................228 參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................................................................230 第8 章 策略與計(jì)費(fèi)控制系統(tǒng)（PCC） .......................................................231 8.1 PCC 概述.......................................................................................................232 8.1.1 PCC 歷史回顧.....................................................................................232 8.1.2 PCC 整體構(gòu)架.....................................................................................233 8.2 PCC 功能實(shí)體..............................................................................................235 8.2.1 策略控制和計(jì)費(fèi)規(guī)則功能（PCRF）................................................235 8.2.2 策略和計(jì)費(fèi)執(zhí)行功能（PCEF） ........................................................239 8.2.3 承載綁定和事件報(bào)告功能（BBERF） .............................................244 8.2.4 流量檢測(cè)功能（TDF）......................................................................245 8.2.5 應(yīng)用功能（AF） ................................................................................245 8.2.6 用戶屬性存儲(chǔ)（SPR） ......................................................................246 8.3 PCC 參考點(diǎn)..................................................................................................246 8.3.1 Rx 參考點(diǎn)...........................................................................................246 8.3.2 Gx 參考點(diǎn)...........................................................................................247 8.3.3 Sp 參考點(diǎn)............................................................................................247 8.3.4 Gy 參考點(diǎn)...........................................................................................247 8.3.5 Gz 參考點(diǎn)............................................................................................248 8.3.6 S9 參考點(diǎn)...........................................................................................248 8.3.7 Gxx 參考點(diǎn)........................................................................................ 248 8.4 PCC 主要信令流程..................................................................................... 249 8.4.1 概述..................................................................................................... 249 8.4.2 IP-CAN 會(huì)話建立.............................................................................. 250 8.4.3 IP-CAN 會(huì)話終止.............................................................................. 252 8.4.4 IP-CAN 會(huì)話修改.............................................................................. 257 8.4.5 PCRF 中簽約信息的更新.................................................................. 264 8.5 策略控制的能力開放技術(shù)........................................................................ 265 本章小結(jié)................................................................................................................. 268 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................. 268 第9 章 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)的智能感知與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析技術(shù)..................................... 270 9.1 感知技術(shù)原理.............................................................................................. 272 9.1.1 業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用感知..................................................................................... 272 9.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)忙閑狀態(tài)感知............................................................................. 277 9.2 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)智能感知的部署方案剖析.................................................. 281 9.2.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)圖......................................................................................... 281 9.2.2 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分析..................................................................................... 283 9.2.3 典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景..................................................................................... 285 9.3 基于感知的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析技術(shù)........................................................................ 286 9.3.1 感知數(shù)據(jù)的采集................................................................................. 286 9.3.2 感知數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析......................................................................... 287 本章小結(jié)................................................................................................................. 293 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................. 294 第10 章 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)對(duì)M2M 業(yè)務(wù)的支持.............................................. 295 10.1 支持M2M 業(yè)務(wù)的移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)架構(gòu)..................................................... 296 10.2 2G/3G 核心網(wǎng)對(duì)M2M 的業(yè)務(wù)支持..................................................... 298 10.2.1 獨(dú)立號(hào)段組網(wǎng)................................................................................... 298 10.2.2 用戶等級(jí)控制................................................................................... 299 10.2.3 通信時(shí)間控制...................................................................................299 10.2.4 Always-on 方式優(yōu)化.........................................................................300 10.2.5 分組域?qū)ず魞?yōu)化...............................................................................301 10.3 LTE/EPC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)M2M 業(yè)務(wù)的支持.....................................................302 10.3.1 擁塞/過負(fù)荷控制方案......................................................................303 10.3.2 低移動(dòng)性的優(yōu)化方案.......................................................................305 10.3.3 采用FQDN 作為終端標(biāo)識(shí)...............................................................307 10.3.4 小數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方案...............................................................................308 10.3.5 M2M 終端的觸發(fā)方案.....................................................................310 10.3.6 通信時(shí)間受控的優(yōu)化方案................................................................312 10.3.7 終端尋址方案...................................................................................313 本章小結(jié).................................................................................................................315 參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................................................................315 第四篇 演進(jìn)篇 第11 章 移動(dòng)核心網(wǎng)向LTE/EPC 的演進(jìn)...............................................318 11.1 WCDMA 向LTE/EPC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演進(jìn).......................................................319 11.1.1 電路域的演進(jìn)...................................................................................319 11.1.2 分組域的演進(jìn)...................................................................................323 11.2 CDMA 向LTE/EPC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演進(jìn)...........................................................326 11.2.1 電路域的演進(jìn)...................................................................................326 11.2.2 分組域的演進(jìn)...................................................................................328 本章小結(jié).................................................................................................................333 參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................................................................333