The Myth of the Silent, Restrained, and Humble Chinese 1 The Exotic Chinese: Stereotype, Misinformation, or Matter of Perspective? Routes Toward the Images and the Framing 4 In Search of an Alternative Picture 10 What This Book Is About 16 Chapters to Follow 17 The Manipulative Speaker 20 Introduction 20 Some Cultural Foundations of Interpersonal Skills 23 The Round and the Smooth 25 Manipulative Talk Devoid of Internal Foundation 29 The Rhetorical Tradition 34 Irony and Criticism 38 A Sense of Ambivalence -- To Be, or Not to Be, Clever 43 Interpersonal Connections as Social Resources 45 Orders of Relationships -- A Differentiated World 46 Preference for One's Own People 49 The Emotional as Utilitarian 51 Manipulating Interpersonal Ties via Talk 54 Closing Up to Get What One Needs 54 Balancing Debts of Human Feeling 63 Negotiating Interpersonal Positioning 71 Tactics for Going Through Another 79 \Outside People,\ Outside Category 88 Further Thoughts 94 3 THE Artistic Chinese Speaker I00 The Written and the Oral i O0 Some Notes About the Chinese Language 101 From High Culture to Folk Wisdom 109 Chinese Rhetorical Traditions 116 Words as Art and Signs of Wisdom 119 Philosophy of Language 120 Indirectness as a Sign of Artistry 123 Metaphors and Analogies 128 Summary 131 Artistic Expressions and Manifestations 131 Poems 132 Matched Couplets 139 Chengyu 142 Suyan 144 Verbal Artistry in Action 157 Capturing Interpersonal Boundaries 158 Sentiments and Expressions 164 From Solemnity, to Playfulness, to Humor 173 Words for Social Occasions 180 Concluding Remarks 185 4 The Humble Chinese Speaker 187 The Introspective Chinese 187 Words and Life: The Moral Universe and the Need for Self-lnspection 188 Words as a Spiritual and Moral Task 191 Sincerity as the Foundation for Interpersonal Transactions 197 Words as Imperfect Means for Describing the Universe 201 Reasoning with the Universe by Words 206 Summary 215 About Care and Concern -- Yuan and Zhai 216 Yuan, a Buddhist and Folk Concept 220 Yuan and Zhai: Matters of Causality 224 Letting Go 228 The Inter-connected Sentient World 230 Implications 232 Humbleness in Action 235 Halting Speakers -- Their Humility and Modesty 236 Others First, Self Second 241 Indirection as a Sign of Politeness 248 Use of Intermediary 253 Invitation to Participate 257 Afterthoughts 263 5 Epilogue: Multldimensionality of Chinese Language Use 267 The Manipulative, the Artistic, and the Humble: A Recollection 268 Challenges of Cultural Change and Development 269 Some Final Words 273 References 275
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