過程控制儀表技術（第8版）

1 INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS CONTROL1
Instructional Objectives 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Control Systems 2
1.3 Process-Control Block Diagram 6
1.4 Control System Evaluation 10
Regulation 1 1.4.4 Evaluation Criteria
1.5 Analog and Digital Processing 14
1.6 Units， Standards， And Definitions 22
1.7 Sensor Time Response 36
1.8 Significance and Statistics 40
Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
2 ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING 53
Instructional Objectives 53
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Principles of Analog Signal Conditioning 54
2.3 Passive Circuits 58
2.4 OperationalAmplifiers 83
2.5 OP Amp Circuits in instrumentation 89
2.6 Design Guidelines 102
Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
3 DIGITAL SIGNAL CONDITIONING 115
Instructional Objectives 115
3.1 Introduction 115
3.2 Review of Digital Fundamentals 116
3.3 Converters 125
3.4 Data-Acquisition Systems 155
3.5 Characteristics of Digital Data 160
Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
4 THERMALSENSORS 175
Instructional Objectives 175
4.1 Introduction 175
4.2 Definition of Temperature 176
4.3 Metal Resistance versus Temperature Devices 180
4.4 Thetristors 189
4.5 Thermocouples 193
4.6 OtherThermal Sensors 204
4.7 Design Considerations 211
Summary | Problems | SuDDlementary Problems
5 MECHANICALSENSORS 223
Instructional Objectives 223
5.1 Intfoduction 223
5.2 Displacement， Location， or Position Sensors 224
5.3 St fain Sensors 232
5.4 Motion Sensors 246
5.5 Pressure Sensors 258
5.6 Flow Sensors 267
Summary | Problems | SUDDlementanl Problems
6 OPTICALSENSORS 285
Instructional Obiectives 285
6.1 Intfoduction 285
6.2 Fundamentals of EM Radiation 286
6.3 Photodetectors 296
6.4 Pyrometry 311
6.5 Optical Sources 316
6.6 Applications 322
Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
7 FINALCONTROL 333
7.1 Intfoduction 333
7.2 Final Control Operation 334
7.3 Signal Conversions 336
7.4 Power Electronics 342
7.5 Actuators 358
7.6 Control Elements 371
summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
8 DISCRETE-STATE PROCESS CONTROL 387
8.1 Introduction 387
8.2 Definition of Discrete-State Process Control 388
8.3 Characteristics of the System 389
8.4 Relay Controllers and Ladder Diagrams 403
8.5 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) 413
summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
9 CONTROLLER PRINCIPLES 439
9.1 introduction 439
9.2 Process Characteristics 440
9.3 Control System Parameters 442
9.4 Discontinuous Controller Modes 448
9.5 Continuous Controller Modes 457
9.6 Composite Control Modes 466
Summary | Problems | SupDlementary Problems
10 ANALOG CONTROLLERS 481
10.1 intfoduction 481
10.2 General Features 482
10.3 Electronic Controllers 483
10.4 Pneumatic Controllers 500
10.5 Design Considerations 504
summary | Problems | SuDDlementary Problems
11 COMPUTER-BASED CONTROL 513
11.1 Introduction 513
11.2 Digital Applications 514
11.3 Computer-Based Controller 519
11.4 Other Computer Applications 533
11.5 Control SVstem Networks 540
11.6 Computer Controller Examples 550
summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems
12 CONTROL-LOOP CHARACTERISTICS 559
12.1 Introduction 559
12.2 Control System Configurations 560
12.3 Multivariable Control SVstems 564
12.4 Control SVstem Quality 568
12.5 StabilitV 575
12.6 Process-Loop Tuning 580
summary | Problems | SupplementarV Problems
APPENDIXES 599
REFERENCES 636
GLOSSARY 637
acal UTIONS TO THE ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 641
SOLUTIONS TO THE ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 641
INDEX687