GSM原理及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化

第1章 GSM移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)及優(yōu)化概述                  
                   
 1.1 GSM數(shù)字移動(dòng)通信的發(fā)展                  
 1.2 GSM數(shù)字移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)                  
 1.2.1 GSM系統(tǒng)的基本特點(diǎn)                  
 1.2.2 GSM系統(tǒng)的組成                  
 1.2.3 GSM系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)功能                  
 1.3 GSM系統(tǒng)的編號(hào)計(jì)劃                  
 1.3.1 移動(dòng)用戶號(hào)碼（MSISDN）                  
 1.3.2 國(guó)際移動(dòng)用戶識(shí)別碼（IMSI）                  
 1.3.3 臨時(shí)移動(dòng)用戶識(shí)別碼（TMSI）                  
 1.3.4 移動(dòng)用戶漫游號(hào)碼（MSRN）                  
 1.3.5 位置區(qū)識(shí)別碼（LAI）                  
 1.3.6 全球小區(qū)識(shí)別碼（CGI）                  
 1.3.7 基站識(shí)別色碼（BSIC）                  
 1.3.8 國(guó)際移動(dòng)設(shè)備識(shí)別碼（IMEI）                  
 1.4 GSM系統(tǒng)的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能                  
 1.5 GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化                  
 1.5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的概念                  
 1.5.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的安排及實(shí)施                  
 1.5.3 日常優(yōu)化措施                  
 1.5.4 無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量測(cè)試                  
                   
 第2章 GSM無(wú)線接口理論                  
                   
 2.1 工作頻段的分配                  
 2.1.1 我國(guó)GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作頻段                  
 2.1.2 頻道間隔                  
 2.1.3 頻道配置                  
 2.1.4 干擾保護(hù)比                  
 2.2 時(shí)分多址技術(shù)（TDMA）                  
 2.2.1 TDMA信道的概念                  
 2.2.2 TDMA幀                  
 2.2.3 突發(fā)脈沖序列（Burst）                  
 2.2.4 邏輯信道與物理信道之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系                  
 2.2.5 系統(tǒng)消息介紹                  
 2.3 移動(dòng)環(huán)境中的電波傳播                  
 2.3.1 陸地移動(dòng)通信環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)                  
 2.3.2 信號(hào)在無(wú)線路徑上的衰落                  
 2.3.3 無(wú)線信號(hào)的傳播損耗                  
 2.3.4 信號(hào)傳播的其它特性                  
 2.3.5 分集接收                  
 2.4 移動(dòng)臺(tái)和基站的時(shí)間調(diào)整                  
 2.5 跳頻技術(shù)                  
 2.5.1 跳頻的種類及各自實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法                  
 2.5.2 跳頻的優(yōu)點(diǎn)                  
 2.5.3 跳頻序列                  
 2.6 源數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸過(guò)程                  
 2.6.1 語(yǔ)音編碼                  
 2.6.2 信道編碼                  
 2.6.3 交織技術(shù)                  
 2.6.4 突發(fā)脈沖的形成                  
 2.6.5 加密                  
 2.6.6 調(diào)制和解調(diào)                  
                   
 第3章 呼叫處理過(guò)程分析                  
                   
 3.1 小區(qū)的選擇與重選                  
 3.1.1 過(guò)程描述                  
 3.1.2 小區(qū)選擇過(guò)程                  
 3.1.3 小區(qū)重選過(guò)程                  
 3.1.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)處于空閑模式下MS的影響                  
 3.1.5 不連續(xù)接收模式DRX和尋呼信道的定義                  
 3.2 立即指配程序                  
 3.2.1 信道申請(qǐng)                  
 3.2.2 初始信道的分配                  
 3.2.3 初始化報(bào)文                  
 3.2.4 立即指配程序中遇到的異常情況                  
 3.3 鑒權(quán)加密過(guò)程                  
 3.3.1 鑒權(quán)過(guò)程                  
 3.3.2 加密程序                  
 3.3.3 TMSI再分配程序                  
 3.3.4 識(shí)別程序                  
 3.3.5 IMSI分離程序（IMSI DETACH）                  
 3.4 位置更新                  
 3.4.1 位置區(qū)的概念                  
 3.4.2 位置更新的概念                  
 3.4.3 正常位置更新流程（越位置區(qū)的位置更新）                  
 3.4.4 IMSI附著過(guò)程                  
 3.4.5 周期性位置更新過(guò)程                  
 3.4.6 一般位置更新程序概述（規(guī)范）                  
 3.5 MS主叫信令流程分析                  
 3.5.1 呼叫建立程序                  
 3.5.2 呼叫釋放過(guò)程                  
 3.6 MS被叫信令流程分析                  
 3.6.1 查詢過(guò)程                  
 3.6.2 尋呼過(guò)程                  
 3.6.3 被叫的呼叫建立過(guò)程                  
 3.6.4 呼叫轉(zhuǎn)移等補(bǔ)充業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)路由建立的影響                  
 3.7 無(wú)線鏈路控制                  
 3.7.1 無(wú)線鏈路故障                  
 3.7.2 呼叫重建                  
 3.8 切換                  
 3.8.1 切換過(guò)程                  
 3.8.2 切換準(zhǔn)備                  
 3.8.3 觸發(fā)切換的原因                  
 3.8.4 切換的種類                  
 3.8.5 切換流程分析                  
 3.9 功率控制                  
 3.9.1 功率控制                  
 3.9.2 不連續(xù)發(fā)射（DTX）                  
                   
 第4章 信令與協(xié)議                  
                   
 4.1 信令協(xié)議概述                  
 4.1.1 接口與協(xié)議                  
 4.1.2 GSM通信系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部接口                  
 4.1.3 無(wú)線接口信令協(xié)議                  
 4.1.4 A接口信令協(xié)議                  
 4.2 鏈路層信令協(xié)議                  
 4.2.1 幀結(jié)構(gòu)                  
 4.2.2 檢錯(cuò)和糾錯(cuò)                  
 4.2.3 復(fù)用                  
 4.2.4 流量控制                  
 4.2.5 LAPD和LAPDM幀比較                  
 4.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層信令協(xié)以                  
 4.3.1 BSS網(wǎng)絡(luò)層                  
 4.3.2 NSS網(wǎng)絡(luò)層                  
 4.4 GSM信令網(wǎng)                  
 4.4.1 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)                  
 4.4.2 信令網(wǎng)路組織                  
 4.4.3 信令點(diǎn)編碼方案                  
 4.4.4 信令網(wǎng)尋址方式                  
                   
 第5章 參數(shù)優(yōu)化                  
                   
 5.1 概述                  
 5.1.1 無(wú)線參數(shù)調(diào)整的類型                  
 5.1.2 本章的研究?jī)?nèi)容                  
 5.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)識(shí)別參數(shù)                  
 5.2.1 移動(dòng)國(guó)家號(hào)（MCC）                  
 5.2.2 移動(dòng)網(wǎng)號(hào)（MNC）                  
 5.2.3 位置區(qū)碼（LAC）                  
 5.2.4 小區(qū)識(shí)別（CI）                  
 5.2.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)色碼（NCC）                  
 5.2.6 基站色碼（BCC）                  
 5.3 系統(tǒng)控制參數(shù)                  
 5.3.1 IMSI結(jié)合和分離允許（ATTACH DETACH ALLOWED, ATT）                  
 5.3.2 公共控制信道配置（CCCH CONF）                  
 5.3.3 接入準(zhǔn)許保留塊數(shù)（BS AG BLKS RES）                  
 5.3.4 尋呼信道復(fù)幀數(shù)（BS PA MFRMS）                  
 5.3.5 周期位置更新定時(shí)器（T3212）                  
 5.3.6 小區(qū)信道描述（CELL CHANNEI DESCRIPTION）                  
 5.3.7 無(wú)線鏈路超時(shí)（RADIO LINK TIMEOUT）                  
 5.3.8 鄰小區(qū)描述（NEIGHBOUR CELLS DESCRIPTION）                  
 5.3.9 允許的網(wǎng)絡(luò)色碼（NCC PERMITTED）                  
 5.3.10 最大重發(fā)次數(shù)（MAX RETRANS）                  
 5.3.11 發(fā)送分布時(shí)隙數(shù)（TX INTEGER）                  
 5.3.12 小區(qū)接入禁止（CELL BAR ACCESS, CBA）                  
 5.3.13 接入等級(jí)控制（AC）                  
 5.3.14 等待指示（WAIT INDICATION, T3122）                  
 5.3.15 多頻段指示（MULTIBAND REPORTING）                  
 5.4 小區(qū)選擇與重選參數(shù)                  
 5.4.1 小區(qū)重選滯后（CELL RESELECTION HYSTERESIS）                  
 5.4.2 控制信道最大功率電平（MS TXPWR MAX CCH）                  
 5.4.3 允許接入最小接收電平（RXLEV ACCESS MIN）                  
 5.4.4 附加重選參數(shù)指示（ACS）                  
 5.4.5 小區(qū)重選參數(shù)指示（PI）                  
 5.4.6 小區(qū)禁止限制（CELL BAR QUALIFY, CBQ）                  
 5.4.7 小區(qū)重選偏置（CELL RESELECT OFFSET, CRO）                  
 5.4.8 臨時(shí)偏置（TEMPORARY OFFSET, TO）                  
 5.4.9 懲罰時(shí)間（PENALTY TIME, PT）                  
 5.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能參數(shù)                  
 5.5.1 功率控制指示（PWRC）                  
 5.5.2 非連續(xù)發(fā)送（DTX）                  
 5.5.3 新建原因指示（NECI）                  
 5.5.4 呼叫重建允許（RE）                  
 5.5.5 緊急呼叫允許（EC）                  
 5.5.6 跳頻參數(shù)1—跳頻應(yīng)用（H）                  
 5.5.7 跳頻參數(shù)2—移動(dòng)分配索引位置（MAIO）                  
 5.5.8 跳頻參數(shù)3—跳頻序列號(hào)（HSN）                  
 5.6 BSS的部分計(jì)時(shí)器                  
 5.6.1 T3101                  
 5.6.2 T3103                  
 5.6.3 T3107                  
 5.6.4 T3109                  
 5.6.5 T3111                  
 5.7 切換參數(shù)介紹                  
 5.7.1 下行鏈路信號(hào)電平切換門限（L RXLEV DL H）                  
 5.7.2 上行鏈路信號(hào)電平切換門限（L RXLEV UL H）                  
 5.7.3 信號(hào)質(zhì)量下行切換誤碼率門限（L RXQUAL DL H）                  
 5.7.4 信號(hào)質(zhì)量上行切換誤碼率門限（L RXQUAL UL H）                  
 5.7.5 小區(qū)內(nèi)部切換允許指示（INTRACELL USED）                  
 5.7.6 鄰小區(qū)的最小允許接入電平（RXLEV MIN（N））                  
 5.7.7 切換容限（HO MARGIN）                  
 5.7.8 MS最大接入范圍（MS RANGE MAX HAND）                  
 5.8 系統(tǒng)參數(shù)表                  
 5.8.1 無(wú)線資源管理的定時(shí)器和計(jì)數(shù)器                  
 5.8.2 移動(dòng)性管理的定時(shí)器                  
 5.8.3 電路交換呼叫控制定時(shí)器                  
 5.9 工程參數(shù)的優(yōu)化                  
 5.9.1 天線性能參數(shù)的調(diào)整                  
 5.9.2 小區(qū)物理參數(shù)的調(diào)整                  
 5.9.3 頻率規(guī)劃調(diào)整                  
 5.9.4 小區(qū)屬性調(diào)整                  
                   
 第6章 GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化應(yīng)注意的部分問(wèn)題                  
                   
 6.1 設(shè)置尋呼信道復(fù)幀數(shù)和接入準(zhǔn)許保留塊數(shù)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)                  
 6.1.1 參數(shù)尋呼信道復(fù)幀數(shù)（BS PA MFRMS）對(duì)小區(qū)重選算法的影響                  
 6.1.2 參數(shù)接入準(zhǔn)許保留塊數(shù)（BS AG BLKS RES）對(duì)小區(qū)廣播消息的影響                  
 6.2 呼叫重建的影響                  
 6.2.1 呼叫重建對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量的影響                  
 6.2.2 呼叫重建對(duì)掉話的影響                  
 6.2.3 呼叫重建的同步                  
 6.3 通過(guò)參數(shù)優(yōu)化實(shí)現(xiàn)話務(wù)均衡時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題                  
 6.4 基帶跳頻與射頻跳頻                  
 6.4.1 基帶跳頻                  
 6.4.2 射頻跳頻                  
 6.5 測(cè)量報(bào)告的處理                  
 6.5.1 對(duì)測(cè)量報(bào)告的處理                  
 6.5.2 準(zhǔn)則                  
 6.6 設(shè)立鄰小區(qū)表和規(guī)劃BCC的原則                  
 6.6.1 概述                  
 6.6.2 4/12復(fù)用模型                  
 6.6.3 1：3和1：l分裂小區(qū)的規(guī)劃                  
 6.6.4 切換小區(qū)表與重選小區(qū)表的比較                  
 6.6.5 BSIC的規(guī)劃                  
 6.7 鏈路平衡                  
 6.7.1 上下行鏈路組成                  
 6.7.2 鏈路預(yù)算                  
 6.7.3 上下鏈路平衡在設(shè)計(jì)上的考慮                  
 6.8 射頻跳頻的規(guī)則                  
 6.9 信道分配及其優(yōu)先權(quán)                  
 6.9.1 信道分配與優(yōu)先權(quán)（BSC控制）                  
 6.9.2 排隊(duì)                  
 6.10 雙頻網(wǎng)優(yōu)化                  
 6.10.1 GSM900/1800系統(tǒng)介紹                  
 6.10.2 雙頻手機(jī)的特點(diǎn)                  
 6.10.3 對(duì)現(xiàn)有程序的影響                  
 6.10.4 雙頻網(wǎng)層次的劃分                  
 6.10.5 不同頻段電磁波傳播特性的差異                  
 6.10.6 雙頻網(wǎng)建設(shè)的特點(diǎn)                  
 6.10.7 GSM900/1800話務(wù)優(yōu)化方法                  
 6.11 PCH與RACH的控制                  
 6.11.1 尋呼命令處理                  
 6.11.2 尋呼信道的配置                  
 6.11.3 接入請(qǐng)求命令處理                  
 6.11.4 接入請(qǐng)求命令重發(fā)處理                  
 6.12 定義重選鄰小區(qū)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題                  
                   
 第7章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障分析                  
                   
 7.1 掉話分析                  
 7.1.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.1.2 由于覆蓋原因?qū)е碌牡粼?nbsp;                 
 7.1.3 由于切換引起的掉話                  
 7.1.4 由設(shè)備硬件或系統(tǒng)參數(shù)錯(cuò)誤引起的掉話                  
 7.1.5 由于干擾而導(dǎo)致的掉話                  
 7.1.6 由于天饋線原因而導(dǎo)致的掉話                  
 7.1.7 由傳輸故障造成的掉話                  
 7.1.8 由于采用直放站而導(dǎo)致的掉話                  
 7.2 分配失敗率                  
 7.2.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.2.2 常見(jiàn)故障分析                  
 7.2.3 解決措施                  
 7.3 SDCCH/TCH擁塞                  
 7.3.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.3.2僅SDCCH信道有擁塞                  
 7.3.3 TCH信道擁塞                  
 7.4 切換失敗率分析                  
 7.4.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.4.2 常見(jiàn)故障分析和解決措施                  
 7.5 切換觸發(fā)原因所占比例分析                  
 7.5.1 下行鏈路質(zhì)量觸發(fā)的切換比例較高                  
 7.5.2 上行鏈路質(zhì)量切換所占比例較大                  
 7.5.3 下行鏈路電平切換所占的比例較大                  
 7.5.4 上行鏈路電平切換所占比例較大                  
 7.5.5 距離切換所占比例較大                  
 7.6 RACH接入有效性                  
 7.6.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.6.2 常見(jiàn)故障現(xiàn)象                  
 7.6.3 常見(jiàn)故障分析                  
 7.6.4 故障查找及解決措施                  
 7.7 小區(qū)沒(méi)有話務(wù)量或切入                  
 7.7.1 問(wèn)題描述                  
 7.7.2 常見(jiàn)故障分析及解決措施                  
 7.8 射頻（RF）優(yōu)化                  
 7.8.1 上. 下鏈路的干擾檢測(cè)                  
 7.8.2 上. 下鏈路平衡驗(yàn)證                  
 7.9 長(zhǎng)途來(lái)話接通率                  
 7.9.1 尋呼超時(shí)（PAGING TIMEOUT）                  
 7.9.2 通信鏈路建立失敗                  
 7.9.3 主叫用戶過(guò)早掛機(jī)                  
 7.9.4 其它原因                  
 7.10 基站覆蓋范圍減小的原因及解決方法                  
 7.10.1 基站側(cè)的原因及相應(yīng)的解決措施                  
 7.10.2 其它原因                  
 7.11 用戶投訴的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題分析及解決                  
 7.11.1 被叫MS有信號(hào), 但作被叫時(shí)錄音通知用戶不在服務(wù)區(qū)                  
 7.11.2 MS有信號(hào), 但做被叫時(shí)錄音通知用戶己關(guān)機(jī)                  
 7.11.3 MS在空閑狀態(tài)下信號(hào)不穩(wěn)定                  
 7.11.4 MS在通話過(guò)程中信號(hào)不穩(wěn)定                  
 7.11.5 MS在通話時(shí)的回聲問(wèn)題                  
 7.11.6 其它問(wèn)題                  
 7.12 典型疑難案例分析及優(yōu)化措施                  
 7.12.1 案例一                  
 7.12.2 案例二                  
 7.12.3 案例三                  
 7.12.4 案例四                  
 7.12.5 案例五                  
 7.12.6 案例六                  
 7.12.7 案例七                  
 7.12.8 案例八                  
 7.12.9 優(yōu)化措施一 通過(guò)調(diào)整參數(shù)來(lái)降低掉話率                  
 7.12.10 優(yōu)化措施二 通過(guò)調(diào)整參數(shù)來(lái)降低擁塞率                  
                   
 附錄                  
                   
 附錄A 呼叫信令流程圖                  
 附錄B GSM系統(tǒng)縮略語(yǔ)詞匯                  
 附錄C 無(wú)線接口消息                  
 附錄D MAP接口部分業(yè)務(wù)